Ants & Apps functions reference

Returns the absolute value of a number.

The ACOS function returns the inverse cosine of a value in radians.

The ACOSH function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.

The ACOT function returns the inverse cotangent of a value in radians.

The ACOTH function returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a value in radians.

Add numbers

Returns an aggregate in a list or database

Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number

The ASIN function returns the inverse sine of a value in radians.

The ASINH function returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.

The ATAN function returns the inverse tangent of a value in radians.

The ATAN2 function returns the angle between the x-axis and a line segment from the origin (0,0) to the specified coordinate pair (`x`,`y`), in radians.

The ATANH function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.

Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)

Calculates the modified Bessel functions

Returns the Bessel function

Calculates the modified Bessel functions. Kn(x), which are also known as the hyperbolic Bessel Functions

Returns the Bessel function, Yn(x), (also known as the Weber function or the Neumann function), for a specified order and value of x.

Round fractions up

The CEILING function rounds a number up to the nearest integer multiple of specified significance.

Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

The COMBIN function returns the number of ways to choose some number of objects from a pool of a given size of objects.

Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items

The COS function returns the cosine of an angle provided in radians.

The COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of any real number.

The COT function returns the cotangent of an angle provided in radians.

The COTH function returns the hyperbolic cotangent of any real number.

Returns the count of a range depending on multiple criteria.

The CSC function returns the cosecant of an angle provided in radians.

The CSCH function returns the hyperbolic cosecant of any real number.

Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number

Converts the number in degrees to the radian equivalent

The DEGREES function converts an angle value in radians to degrees.

Divide number

Returns the complementary Gauss error function of a value.

Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.

Returns Euler's number, e (~2.718) raised to a power.

The FACT function returns the factorial of a number.

Returns the "double factorial" of a number.

The FLOOR function rounds a number down to the nearest integer multiple of specified significance.

Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

Returns the floating point remainder (modulo) of the division of the arguments

Returns the greatest common divisor of one or more integers.

Returns `TRUE` if the first argument is strictly greater than the second, and `FALSE` otherwise. Equivalent to the `>` operator.

Returns `TRUE` if the first argument is greater than or equal to the second, and `FALSE` otherwise. Equivalent to the `>=` operator.

Calculate the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle

Determines whether the first number is equal with second

Determines whether the first number is greater than second

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer that is less than or equal to it.

Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

Finds whether a value is a legal finite number

Finds whether a value is infinite

Finds whether a value is not a number

Returns the least common multiple of one or more integers.

Returns the the logarithm of a number, base e (Euler's number).

Returns the the logarithm of a number given a base.

Returns the the logarithm of a number, base 10.

Returns `TRUE` if the first argument is strictly less than the second, and `FALSE` otherwise. Equivalent to the `<` operator.

Returns `TRUE` if the first argument is less than or equal to the second, and `FALSE` otherwise. Equivalent to the `<=` operator.

Transforms a number to a negative, even if it is negative

Transforms a number to a positive, even if it is positive

Returns the matrix determinant of a square matrix specified as an array or range.

Returns the multiplicative inverse of a square matrix specified as an array or range.

Calculates the matrix product of two matrices specified as arrays or ranges.

Returns the result of the modulo operator, the remainder after a division operation.

Rounds one number to the nearest integer multiple of another.

Generate a random value via the Mersenne Twister Random Number Generator

Returns the factorial of the sum of values divided by the product of the values' factorials.

Multiply numbers

Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension

Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.

The PI function returns the value of pi to 9 decimal places.

Exponential expression

Returns a number raised to a power.

Returns the result of multiplying a series of numbers together.

Returns one number divided by another, without the remainder.

Converts the radian number to the equivalent number in degrees

The RADIANS function converts an angle value in degrees to radians.

Returns a random number between 0 inclusive and 1 exclusive.

Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.

Returns a uniformly random integer between two values, inclusive.

Formats a number in Roman numerals.

The ROUND function rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places according to standard rules.

The ROUNDDOWN function rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places, always rounding down to the next valid increment.

Rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places, always rounding up to the next valid increment.

The SEC function returns the secant of an angle measured in radians.

The SECH function returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle.

Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array, such as 1, 2, 3, 4

Given parameters x, n, m, and a, returns the power series sum a1xn + a2x(n+m) + ... + aix(n+(i-1)m), where i is the number of entries in range `a`.

Given an input number, returns `-1` if it is negative, `1` if positive, and `0` if it is zero.

The SIN function returns the sine of an angle provided in radians.

The SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of any real number.

Returns the positive square root of a positive number.

Returns the positive square root of the product of Pi and the given positive number.

Substract numbers

Returns a subtotal for a vertical range of variables using a specified aggregation function.

Returns the sum of a series of numbers and/or variables.

Returns a conditional sum across a range.

The SUMPRODUCT function calculates the sum of the products of corresponding entries in 2 equally sized arrays or ranges.

Returns the sum of the squares of a series of numbers and/or variables.

Calculates the sum of the differences of the squares of values in two arrays.

Calculates the sum of the sums of the squares of values in two arrays.

Calculates the sum of the squares of differences of values in two arrays.

The TAN function returns the tangent of an angle provided in radians.

The TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of any real number.

Truncates a number to a certain number of significant digits by omitting less significant digits.

Calculates the accrued interest of a security that has periodic payments.

Calculates the accrued interest of a security that pays interest at maturity.

Returns the depreciation for a given accounting using a depreciation coefficient determined by asset life.

The AMORLINC function returns the depreciation for an accounting period, or the prorated depreciation if the asset was purchased in the middle of a period.This function is available for users of the French accounting system.

Calculates the number of days from the first coupon, or interest payment, until settlement.

Calculates the number of days in the coupon, or interest payment, period that contains the specified settlement date.

Calculates the number of days from the settlement date until the next coupon, or interest payment.

Calculates next coupon, or interest payment, date after the settlement date.

Calculates the number of coupons, or interest payments, between the settlement date and the maturity date of the investment.

Calculates last coupon, or interest payment, date before the settlement date.

Calculates the cumulative interest over a range of payment periods for an investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

Calculates the cumulative principal paid over a range of payment periods for an investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

The DB function calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the arithmetic declining balance method.

The DDB function calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method.

Calculates the discount rate of a security based on price.

Converts a price quotation given as a decimal fraction into a decimal value.

Converts a price quotation given as a decimal value into a decimal fraction.

Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

Calculates the annual effective interest rate given the nominal rate and number of compounding periods per year.

The FV function calculates the future value of an annuity investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

The FVSCHEDULE function calculates the future value of some principal based on a specified series of potentially varying interest rates.

Calculates the effective interest rate generated when an investment is purchased at one price and sold at another with no interest or dividends generated by the investment itself.

The IPMT function calculates the payment on interest for an investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

Calculates the internal rate of return on an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows.

The ISPMT function calculates the interest paid during a particular period of an investment.

Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100

Calculates the modified internal rate of return on an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and the difference between the interest rate paid on financing versus the return received on reinvested income.

Calculates the annual nominal interest rate given the effective rate and number of compounding periods per year.

The NPER function calculates the number of payment periods for an investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

Calculates the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate.

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

The PDURATION function returns the number of periods for an investment to reach a specific value at a given rate. Mathematically, PDURATION = (log(futureValue) - log (currentValue))/(log(1 + rate)).

The PMT function calculates the periodic payment for an annuity investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

The PPMT function calculates the payment on the principal of an investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

Calculates the price of a security paying periodic interest, such as a US Treasury Bond, based on expected yield.

Calculates the price of a discount (non-interest-bearing) security, based on expected yield.

Calculates the price of a security paying interest at maturity, based on expected yield.

Calculates the present value of an annuity investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and a constant interest rate.

Calculates the interest rate of an annuity investment based on constant-amount periodic payments and the assumption of a constant interest rate.

Calculates the amount received at maturity for an investment in fixed-income securities purchased on a given date.

The RRI function returns the interest rate needed for an investment to reach a specific value within a given number of periods.

The SLN function calculates the depreciation of an asset for one period using the straight-line method.

The SYD function calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the sum of years digits method.

Calculates the equivalent annualized rate of return of a US Treasury Bill based on discount rate.

Calculates the price of a US Treasury Bill based on discount rate.

Calculates the yield of a US Treasury Bill based on price.

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method

Calculates the internal rate of return of an investment based on a specified series of potentially irregularly spaced cash flows.

Calculates the net present value of an investment based on a specified series of potentially irregularly spaced cash flows and a discount rate.

Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

Calculates the annual yield of a discount (non-interest-bearing) security, based on price.

The YIELDMAT function calculates the annual yield of a security paying interest at maturity, based on price.

Quote string with slashes in a C style

Quote string with slashes

Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format

Makes capital letter the first character of every word

Returns the character at the specified index in a string

Returns the Unicode of the character at the specified index in a string

Generate a single-byte string from a number

Determines whether a string contains the characters of a specified string. Case sensitive

Removes all non-ASCII characters from string

Decode a uuencoded string

Uuencode a string

Converts currency to words

Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

Returns the default value if the first value is empty

Dummy text generator (lorem ipsum)

Determines whether a string ends with the characters of a specified string

Converts Unicode values into characters.

Convert string to requested character encoding

Determines whether a string ends with the characters of a specified string

Determines whether a string contains the characters of a specified string. Case sensitive

Determines whether a string begins with the characters of a specified string.

Determines whether a string contains the characters of a specified string. Case sensitive

Returns the position of the first occurrence of a specified value in a string.

Determines whether a string is palindrome

Changes half-width (single-byte) characters within a string to full-width (double-byte) characters

Returns the position of the last occurrence of a specified value in a string or last element index in array

Returns the length of a string (number of characters) or element count in array

Lorem Ipsum generator

Make a string lowercase

Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning of a string

Get string length

Find position of first occurrence of string in a string

Make a string lowercase. Returns string with all alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.

Make a string uppercase. Returns string with all alphabetic characters converted to uppercase.

Get part of string

Reverse the string

Inserts HTML line breaks before all newlines in a string

Format a number with grouped thousands

Converts number to words

Convert the first byte of a string to a value between 0 and 255

Parses a string and returns a floating point number.

Parses a string and returns an integer

Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

Transforms all words into plural (EN, RU). (cookie - cookies, man - men, potato - potatoes)

Perform a regular expression search and replace

Quote meta characters

Generates random First name and Last name

Generates random alphabetic string

Returns a new string with a specified number of copies of the string it was called on.

Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the end of a string

Calculate the similarity between two strings

Transforms all words into singular (EN, RU). (cookies - cookie, men - man, potatoes - potato)

Splits the text by specific character or a word. Returns a specified part by index, starting from 0

Make a string uppercase. Returns string with all alphabetic characters converted to uppercase.

Determines whether a string begins with the characters of a specified string.

Un-quote string quoted with ADDCSLASHES

Find the position of the first occurrence of a case-insensitive substring in a string

Un-quotes a quoted string

Case-insensitive Find the first occurrence of a string

Get string length

Find the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string

Find the last occurrence of a character in a string

Reverse a string

Find the position of the last occurrence of a case-insensitive substring in a string

Find the position of the last occurrence of a substring in a string

Finds the length of the initial segment of a string consisting entirely of characters contained within a given mask

Find the first occurrence of a string

Make a string lowercase

Make a string uppercase

Case-insensitive Replace all occurrences of the search string with the replacement string

Pad a string to a certain length with another string

Repeat a string

Replace all occurrences of the search string with the replacement string

Perform the rot13 transform on a string

Randomly shuffles a string

Convert a string to an array

Return information about words used in a string

Return part of a string

Extracts the characters from a string, between two specified indices, and returns the new sub string

Count the number of substring occurrences

Replace text within a portion of a string

Converts a string to lowercase letters.

Replace all occurrences of the search string with the replacement string

Makes capital letter the first character of every word

Converts a string to uppercase letters.

Converts a string to lowercase letters.

Convert a Boolean value to a string

Converts a string to uppercase letters.

Removes leading whitespaces from text

Limits the text string to a specific length of characters

Make a string's first character uppercase

Uppercase the first character of each word in a string

Converts a string to uppercase letters.

Wraps a string to a given number of characters

Returns the number of words in a string

Returns a new date adding a number of days to a date

Returns a new date adding a number for hours

Returns a new date time adding a number of minutes

Returns a new date time adding a number of months

Returns a new date time adding a number of months

Returns a new date time adding a number of years

Converts a year, month, and day into a date.

Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates.

Converts a provided date string in a known format to a date value.

Format a local time/date

Returns the day of the month that a specific date falls on, in numeric format.

The DAYS function returns the number of days between two dates.

Returns the difference between two days based on the 360-day year used in some financial interest calculations.

Returns a date a specified number of months before or after another date.

Returns a date representing the last day of a month which falls a specified number of months before or after another date.

Returns a date formatted according to the specified format

Format a local time/date

Return the day of the week. Sunday is 0, Monday is 1, and so on.

Return the year

Return the hour

Return the minutes

Return the month. Note: January is 0, February is 1, and so on.

Return the seconds, according to local time

Return the number of milliseconds since 1970/01/01. Unix time

Returns the hour component of a specific time, in numeric format.

Determines whether the first date is after the second

Determines whether both dates are equal

Returns the number of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) week of the year where the provided date falls.

Returns the minute component of a specific time, in numeric format.

Returns the month of the year a specific date falls in, in numeric format.

Returns the number of net working days between two provided days.

Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days

Returns the current date and time as a date value.

Returns a date in ISO 8601 format from the specified format

Returns the second component of a specific time, in numeric format.

Set the day of the month

Set the day of the month using number of English name

Set the year (four digits for dates between year 1000 and 9999) of the date string

Sets the hour of a date string.

Sets the minutes of a date string.

Sets the month of a date string. January is 0, February is 1, and so on.

Sets the seconds of a date string.

Add N seconds to January 1, 1970, and display the new date and time

Set the year (four digits for dates between year 1000 and 9999) of the date string

Converts an hour, minute, and second into a time.

Returns the fraction of a 24-hour day the time represents.

Returns the current date as a date value.

Returns a number representing the day of the week of the date provided.

Returns a number representing the week of the year where the provided date falls.

Calculates the end date after a specified number of working days.

Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days

Returns the year specified by a given date.

Returns the number of years, including fractional years, between two dates using a specified day count convention.

Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet

Returns the number of areas in a reference

Returns an element from a list of choices based on index.

Returns the column number of a reference

Returns the number of columns in a reference

Filters a range of data based on criteria you define

Returns the formula at the given reference as text

Returns data stored in a PivotTable report

Horizontal lookup. Searches across the first row of a range for a key and returns the value of a specified variable in the column found.

Returns the content of an element, specified by row and column offset.

Returns a reference indicated by a text value

Looks through a sorted row or column for a key and returns the value of the variable in a result range located in the same position as the search row or column.

Returns the relative position of an item in a range that matches a specified value.

Returns a range reference shifted a specified number of rows and columns from a starting cell reference.

Returns the row number of a reference

Returns the number of rows in a reference

Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation

Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a corresponding range or array

Transposes the rows and columns of an array or range of variables.

Returns a list of unique values in a list or range

Vertical lookup. Searches down the first column of a range for a key and returns the value of a specified variable in the row found.

Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds. If a match doesn't exist, then XLOOKUP can return the closest (approximate) match.

Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells.

Adds values to an array

Changes the case of all keys in an array

Split an array into chunks

Return the values from a single column in the input array

Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values

Counts all the values of an array

Computes the difference of arrays

Computes the difference of arrays with additional index check

Computes the difference of arrays using keys for comparison

Fill an array with values

Fill an array with values, specifying keys

Exchanges all keys with their associated values in an array

Computes the intersection of arrays

Computes the intersection of arrays with additional index check

Computes the intersection of arrays using keys for comparison

Return all the keys or a subset of the keys of an array

Checks if the given key or index exists in the array

Gets the first key of an array

Gets the last key of an array

Merge one or more arrays

Merge one or more arrays recursively

Pad array to the specified length with a value

Pop the element off the end of array

Push one or more elements onto the end of array

Pick one or more random keys out of an array

Replaces elements from passed arrays into the first array

Replaces elements from passed arrays into the first array recursively

Return an array with elements in reverse order

Searches the array for a given value and returns the first corresponding key if successful

Shift an element off the beginning of array

Extract a slice of the array

Remove a portion of the array and replace it with something else

Calculate the sum of values in an array

Removes duplicate values from an array

Prepend one or more elements to the beginning of an array

Return all the values of an array

Sort an array in reverse order and maintain index association

Sort an array and maintain index association

Method is used to join two or more arrays.

Determines whether a value exists in array

Count all elements in an array, or something in an object

Removes duplicates elements in array.

Split a string by a string

Fills the specified elements in an array with a static value.

Returns first element value from array or object

Creates a new array with all sub-array elements concatenated into it recursively up to the specified depth.

Returns value from array or object by a specific key

Returns value from object by a specific deep key

Join array elements with a string

Searches the array for the specified item, and returns its position.

Checks if a value exists in an array

Determines whether an object is an array.

Concatenate all the elements of array into a one string with a string

Join array elements with a string

Return all the keys or a subset of the keys of an array

Checks if the given key or index exists in the array

Sort an array by key in reverse order

Sort an array by key

Count all elements in an array, or something in an object

Merge one or more arrays

Sort an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm

Sort an array using a "natural order" algorithm

Removes the last element of an array

Adds new items to the end of an array

Create an array containing a range of elements

Removes elements from array by value

Return an array with elements in reverse order

Sort an array in reverse order

Removes the first item of an array.

Shuffle an array

Count all elements in an array, or something in an object

Extract a slice of the array

Sorts values of array.

Sort an array

The AND function returns true if all of the provided arguments are logically true, and false if any of the provided arguments are logically false.

Returns the logical value `FALSE`.

Returns one value if a logical expression is `TRUE` and another if it is `FALSE`.

The IFNA function evaluates a value. If the value is an #N/A error, return the specified value.

Evaluates multiple conditions and returns a value that corresponds to the first true condition.

Returns the opposite of a logical value - `NOT(TRUE)` returns `FALSE`; `NOT(FALSE)` returns `TRUE`.

The OR function returns true if any of the provided arguments are logically true, and false if all of the provided arguments are logically false.

Sums items that meet multiple criteria.

Tests an expression against a list of cases and returns the corresponding value of the first matching case, with an optional default value if nothing else is met.

Returns the logical value `TRUE`.

The XOR function returns TRUE if an odd number of the provided arguments are logically true, and FALSE otherwise.

Calculates the average of the magnitudes of deviations of data from a dataset's mean.

The AVERAGE function returns the numerical average value in a dataset, ignoring text.

Returns the numerical average value in a dataset.

Returns the average of a range depending on criteria.

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.

The BETADIST function returns the probability of a given value as defined by the beta distribution function.

The BETAINV function returns the value of the inverse beta distribution function for a given probability.

Returns the probability of a given value as defined by the beta distribution function.

Returns the value of the inverse beta distribution function for a given probability.

Calculates the probability of drawing a certain number of successes (or a maximum number of successes) in a certain number of tries given a population of a certain size containing a certain number of successes, with replacement of draws.

Calculates the probability of drawing a certain number of successes (or a maximum number of successes) in a certain number of tries given a population of a certain size containing a certain number of successes, with replacement of draws.

Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

Calculates the right-tailed chi-squared distribution, often used in hypothesis testing.

Calculates the inverse of the right-tailed chi-squared distribution.

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

Returns the test for independence

Returns the test for independence

Calculates the width of half of the confidence interval for a normal distribution.

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student's t distribution

Calculates r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of a dataset.

Returns the number of numeric values in a dataset.

Returns the number of values in a dataset.

Returns the number of empty variables in a given range.

Returns a conditional count across a range.

Calculates the covariance of a dataset.

Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets

Calculates the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a specified criteria.

Calculates the sum of squares of deviations based on a sample.

Returns the value of the exponential distribution function with a specified lambda at a specified value.

Returns the value of the exponential distribution function with a specified lambda at a specified value.

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

Returns the Fisher transformation of a specified value.

Returns the inverse Fisher transformation of a specified value.

Calculates the expected y-value for a specified x based on a linear regression of a dataset.

Returns a future value based on existing (historical) values by using the AAA version of the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm

Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date

Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series

Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting

Returns a future value based on existing values

Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array

Returns the F probability distribution

Returns the F probability distribution

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

Returns the result of an F-test

Returns the Gamma function value

The GAMMADIST function calculates the gamma distribution, a 2-parameter continuous probability distribution.

The GAMMAINV function returns the value of the inverse gamma cumulative distribution function for the specified probability, alpha, and beta parameters.

Returns the the logarithm of a specified Gamma function, base e (Euler's number).

Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)

The GAMMA_DIST function calculates the gamma distribution, a 2-parameter continuous probability distribution.

The GAMMA_INV function returns the value of the inverse gamma cumulative distribution function for the specified probability, alpha, and beta parameters.

Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution

Calculates the geometric mean of a dataset.

Given partial data about an exponential growth trend, fits an ideal exponential growth trend and/or predicts further values.

Calculates the harmonic mean of a dataset.

Calculates the probability of drawing a certain number of successes in a certain number of tries given a population of a certain size containing a certain number of successes, without replacement of draws.

Calculates the probability of drawing a certain number of successes in a certain number of tries given a population of a certain size containing a certain number of successes, without replacement of draws.

Calculates the y-value at which the line resulting from linear regression of a dataset will intersect the y-axis (x=0).

Calculates the kurtosis of a dataset, which describes the shape, and in particular the "peakedness" of that dataset.

Returns the nth largest element from a data set, where n is user-defined.

Given partial data about a linear trend, calculates various parameters about the ideal linear trend using the least-squares method.

Given partial data about an exponential growth curve, calculates various parameters about the best fit ideal exponential growth curve.

Returns the value of the inverse log-normal cumulative distribution with given mean and standard deviation at a specified value.

Returns the value of the log-normal cumulative distribution with given mean and standard deviation at a specified value.

Returns the value of the log-normal cumulative distribution with given mean and standard deviation at a specified value.

Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution

Returns the maximum value in a numeric dataset.

Returns the maximum numeric value in a dataset.

Returns the maximum value in a range of cells, filtered by a set of criteria.

Returns the median value in a numeric dataset.

Returns the minimum value in a numeric dataset.

Returns the minimum numeric value in a dataset.

Returns the minimum value in a range of cells, filtered by a set of criteria.

Returns the most commonly occurring value in a dataset.

Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data

Returns the most frequently occurring number in a numeric data set. For example, MODE_SNGL(1,2,4,4,5,5,5,6) returns 5.

Calculates the probability of drawing a certain number of failures before a certain number of successes given a probability of success in independent trials.

Calculates the probability of drawing a certain number of failures before a certain number of successes given a probability of success in independent trials.

The NORMDIST function returns the value of the normal distribution function (or normal cumulative distribution function) for a specified value, mean, and standard deviation.

Returns the value of the inverse normal distribution function for a specified value, mean, and standard deviation.

Returns the value of the standard normal cumulative distribution function for a specified value.

Returns the value of the inverse standard normal distribution function for a specified value.

Returns the value of the normal distribution function (or normal cumulative distribution function) for a specified value, mean, and standard deviation.

Returns the value of the standard normal cumulative distribution function for a specified value.

Returns the value of the inverse standard normal distribution function for a specified value.

Calculates r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of a dataset.

Returns the value at a given percentile of a dataset.

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

Returns the percentage rank (percentile) of a specified value in a dataset.

Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set

Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

Returns the number of ways to choose some number of objects from a pool of a given size of objects, considering order.

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects

Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution

Returns the value of the Poisson distribution function (or Poisson cumulative distribution function) for a specified value and mean.

Returns the Poisson distribution

Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits

Returns a value nearest to a specified quartile of a dataset.

Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive

Returns the quartile of a data set

Returns the rank of a specified value in a dataset.

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

Calculates the square of r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of a dataset.

Calculates the skewness of a dataset, which describes the symmetry of that dataset about the mean.

Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population: a characterization of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean

Calculates the slope of the line resulting from linear regression of a dataset.

Returns the nth smallest element from a data set, where n is user-defined.

Calculates the normalized equivalent of a random variable given mean and standard deviation of the distribution.

The STDEV function calculates the standard deviation based on a sample.

Calculates the standard deviation based on a sample, setting text to the value `0`.

Calculates the standard deviation based on an entire population.

Calculates the standard deviation based on an entire population, setting text to the value `0`.

Calculates the standard deviation for a sample set of data. STDEV_P calculates standard deviation using the "n" method, ignoring logical values and text.

Calculates the standard deviation for a sample set of data. STDEV_S replaces the older STDEV function, with the same behavior.

Calculates the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression of a dataset.

Calculates the probability for Student's t-distribution with a given input (x).

Calculates the inverse of the two-tailed TDIST function.

Given partial data about a linear trend, fits an ideal linear trend using the least squares method and/or predicts further values.

Calculates the mean of a dataset excluding some proportion of data from the high and low ends of the dataset.

Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution

Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution

Returns the Student's t-distribution

Calculates the negative inverse of the one-tailed TDIST function.

Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

Calculates the variance based on a sample.

Calculates the variance based on a sample, setting text to the value `0`.

Calculates the variance based on an entire population.

Calculates the variance based on an entire population, setting text to the value `0`.

Returns the variance in an entire population. If data represents a sample of the population, use the VAR_S function.

Returns the variance of a sample. If data represents the entire population, use the VAR_P function. VAR_S ignores text values and logicals in references.

Returns the value of the Weibull distribution function (or Weibull cumulative distribution function) for a specified shape and scale.

Returns the Weibull distribution

Returns the one-tailed P-value of a Z-test with standard distribution.

Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

Encodes data with MIME base64

Decodes data encoded with MIME base64

Encodes data with MIME base64

Binary to decimal.

Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource

Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.

Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.

Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.

Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.

Returns the number of items in a set.

Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

Decimal to binary

Decimal to hexadecimal

Decimal to octal

Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).

Returns the F probability distribution

Validates a variable with a specified filter

Returns the result of an F-test

Hexadecimal to decimal

Calculate the md5 hash of a string

Returns the value of the inverse normal distribution function for a specified value, mean, and standard deviation.

Octal to decimal

Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered

Binary safe string comparison

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

The BIN2DEC function converts a signed binary number to decimal format.

The BIN2HEX function converts a signed binary number to signed hexadecimal format.

The BIN2OCT function converts a signed binary number to signed octal format.

The BITAND function returns the bitwise boolean AND of two numbers.

The BITLSHIFT function shifts the bits of the input a certain number of places to the left. Bits on the right are filled with zeroes (0s).

The BITOR function returns the bitwise Boolean OR of 2 numbers. The BITOR truth table is below:

The BITRSHIFT function shifts the bits of the input a certain number of places to the right. Bits on the left are filled with zeroes.

The BITXOR function is a bitwise XOR (exclusive or) of 2 numbers that returns a bit of "1" if 2 bits are different, and a bit of "0" otherwise. This function returns a number that's the result of performing an XOR function at each bit of the 2 given numbers.

The COMPLEX function creates a complex number, given real and imaginary coefficients.

Converts a numeric value to a different unit of measure.

The DEC2BIN function converts a decimal number to signed binary format.

The DEC2HEX function converts a decimal number to signed hexadecimal format.

The DEC2OCT function converts a decimal number to signed octal format.

Compare two numeric values, returning 1 if they're equal.

The ERF function returns the integral of the Gauss error function over an interval of values.

The ERFC function returns the complementary Gauss error function of a value.

Returns the result of the Gauss error function.

The GESTEP function returns 1 if the rate is strictly greater than or equal to the provided step value, or 0 otherwise. If no step value is provided, then the default value of 0 is used.

The HEX2BIN function converts a signed hexadecimal number to signed binary format.

The HEX2DEC function converts a signed hexadecimal number to decimal format.

The HEX2OCT function converts a signed hexadecimal number to signed octal format.

Returns the absolute value of a complex number.

Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.

The IMARGUMENT function returns the angle (also known as the argument, or theta) of the given complex number in radians. This is the angle θ such that, for any complex number in Cartesian form x + yi, x + yi = reiθ where r is the magnitude of the number.

Returns the complex conjugate of a number.

The IMCOS function returns the cosine of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "cos(x+yi)."

The IMCOSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "cosh(x+yi)."

The IMCOT function returns the cotangent of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "cot(x+yi)."

The IMCSC function returns the cosecant of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "csc(x+yi)."

The IMCSCH function returns the hyperbolic cosecant of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "csch(x+yi)."

Returns one complex number divided by another.

The IMEXP function returns Euler's number, e (~2.718) raised to a complex power.

The IMLN function returns the logarithm of a complex number, base e (Euler's number).

The IMLOG10 function returns the logarithm of a complex number with base 10.

The IMLOG2 function returns the logarithm of a complex number with base 2.

The IMPOWER function returns a complex number raised to a power.

Returns the result of multiplying a series of complex numbers together.

Returns the real coefficient of a complex number.

The IMSEC function returns the secant of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "sec(x+yi)."

The IMSECH function returns the hyperbolic secant of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "sech(x+yi)."

The IMSIN function returns the sine of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "sin(x+yi)."

The IMSINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "sinh(x+yi)."

The IMSQRT function computes the square root of a complex number.

Returns the difference between two complex numbers.

Returns the sum of a series of complex numbers or variables or both.

The IMTAN function returns the tangent of the given complex number. For example, a given complex number "x+yi" returns "tan(x+yi)."

The OCT2BIN function converts a signed octal number to signed binary format.

The OCT2DEC function converts a signed octal number to decimal format.

The OCT2HEX function converts a signed octal number to signed hexadecimal format.

Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell

Returns a number corresponding to an error type

Returns the first value if this value is not empty, otherwise returns the second value

Receives two values (or expressions) and tests if the first of these evaluates to an error.

Returns information about the current operating environment

Checks whether the referenced variable is empty.

Validates value as Email

Checks whether a value is an error other than `#N/A`.

Checks whether a value is an error.

Checks whether the provided value is even.

Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula

Checks whether a value is `TRUE` or `FALSE`.

Checks whether a value is the error `#N/A`.

Checks whether a value is non-textual.

Checks whether a value is a number.

Checks whether the provided value is odd.

Returns TRUE if the value is a reference

Checks whether a value is text.

Validates value as URL

Returns the argument provided as a number.

Returns the "value not available" error, `#N/A`.

Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet

Returns the number of sheets in a reference

Returns a number associated with the type of data passed into the function.

Convert a number into a character according to the current Unicode table.

Returns the text with the non-printable ASCII characters removed.

Returns the numeric Unicode map value of the first character in the string provided.

Returns the concatenation of two values. Equivalent to the `&` operator.

Appends strings to one another.

Formats a number into the locale-specific currency format.